Furnace



Oct. 16, 1923. 1,470,680

G. N. BLANCHARD FURNACE File d Nov. 27, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 win/a (5. N. BLANCHARD ocms, 1923.

FURNACE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fil ed Nov. 27. 1922 I Patented Get. 16, 1923.

UNITED! STATES I 1,429,589 Parr Fr es;

enoaer. 1v. rtanonnen, or sen rnaucrsoo, canrronnra, Assrsnon' TO comes B nNEnco, or SAN rnenorsoo, canrnonnre, a conronarron or cerrronnra,

run mcn;

Application filed November 27, 1922.: Serial "No. 603,516.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, G'eonon N. BLAN- CHARD, a citizen of the United States, residing atcity-and county of San Francisco and 5 State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Furnaces, of which the following is a specification.

Thisinvention relates particularly to an apparatus" for supplying heated air for warming residences or storebuildings or for commercial purposes. i

i It has been considerable of a problem to provide a. heat generating apparatus that would operate eiiiciently and uniformly under greatly varying conditions.

On account of the ready availability of fuel oils and gas it has been the effort to utilize these fuelsin heating apparatus designed for residence and commercial heating, but certain diiiiculties have been encountered that have heretofore made these fuels somewhatimpractical and hazardous unless full automatic equipment was em ployed, and even with such equipment certain conditions of operation of the heating plant was brought about that still caused 7 front view of an apparatus embodying my trouble at times.

Oneof the principaldifiiculties hasbeen the overheating of the burner in heating apparatus 'of the ordinary type.

i A principal object of this invention resides in so constructing an air heating device thatan internal circulation of air is created and maintained around the burner elements in such a manner that the burner under maximumoperation remains comparatively cool and continues to'function satisfactorilyand without interruption, for

' long periods of time, under greatly varying 40 "demands.

Another object of the invention lies in so designing an 'apparatusqfor the heating of circulating air that themaximum heat is imparted to the air through aspecially arranged system of heat conducting chambers,

I whereby the heat-generated from the oil or gas burners is conveyed through a circulatory path and in contact with alarge Wallarea of heat conducting material, which'permits the outer circulating air to absorb the bulk of the heat accummulated by the large wall area and thus assist materially in keeping ithe burners ina comparatively cool condi; p I

" i theywould encounter wall area of such a f tion.

i the interior and adjacent parts.

producing a design of'air heating apparatus that will be of light weight to minimize transportation costs and cf a typeof material thatwill offer'the minimum resistance to the transfer of the heat units and thereby effect a maximum rapidity of'heat transmission in the operation of the apparatus.

lVith such object in View, as well as other advantages which may be incident to the i use of the improvements, the invention consists in the procedure, andinthe parts and combinations thereof hereinafter set forth .andclaimed, with the understanding that the several necessary elements constitutlng the same intopractical effect, without limit-.

ing the improvements in their useful applications, to the particular constructions which, for the purpose of eXpla-nationhave been made the subject of illustration.

.Figure l of the drawings illustrates a invention and with certain'portions of the structure broken away to better illustrate Figure 2 is a sectional plan taken on line 22 of Fig. 1, looking in the dlrection of lines.

Figure 3 isa side elevation looking in the I direction of the arrow 3 of Fig. 1, with portions of the apparatus broken away to show the general arrangement of the interior conter show the extent of-the heating area and illustrate the heat and air circulato" better tion. e 1

In the development of a heater of the high efiiciency we have obtained'it has been the aim to produce'a construction that would create a circulation of the heat currentsfrom the burner, in such a manner that as the hotter portions of the heat currents ascended large extent andarrangeliient "as would the arrow and illustrates the general'arrangementof theinterior of the apparatus, a burnerbeing shown in outline by dotted rapidlyaccumulate the heattunits and cause thelieat' in their base of the heat compartment and there combine with the incoming air necessary to maintain combustion, ,andthereby assist in' the direction of flow, of air passing through keeping the burner elements cool enough to V operate continuously under varying de mands and in a highly sat sfactory manner .l'n arranging a wall area of sutiicient eX- ,itcntto accumulatetheiheat units fast enough toattamthe desired cooling effect atfthe 1 burner fit :wasals necessar to rovide an' 1 equal'wall lar'eainthe air circulating com Apartment, so' that the air passing through. ,the apparatus would absorb the heat 'cumulated by the extended walls as fast as i'thwas takenlup from theiheat compartment :The arrangement of -elements, and their 1 combinations to" effect the above enumerated results hasbeen-brought about after car h austive experiments and tests the followinggmanner.

In the "drawings the invention'has been illustrated as applied to aresidence or store heating apparatus.

7 -llhe numeral :1 represents a casing or I V V acket surrounding the heating :apparatus 30 "on all .sidesif-The front ofthecasing carries "a -door frame 2in which is'mounted a door 3 and an'uair inlet 4:, all of'ordinary construe- To-lobtain a rmaximumwall area alfori quicklyaccumulating the heat Hill-t8 and one inwvhi'cha multiplicity of heat circulating chambers would beavailable I have built up.

a squ'a're unitahaving opposedsides composed of a series OfgU shaped elements connectedin {reverseorder, thus-producing a series of zigzag, alternating chambers, lying sideby side in'parallel relation, part of which ltorm chambers opening into :the burner and heat circulating compartment and. the others forming chambers through "which the air laden currents intheichambers 7 .is alsoas- .sisted by the increasing pressure ofadded .heatladencurrents crowdingintothe top 01":

the heat compartment and spreading out H5 1 ratus; will circulate.-

iiFhe arrangement of the heat accumulating walls l S'ShOWD1Il plfln 1n F1g. 2,s1de elevation in Flg. 3 anoltlnperspective intF 1g. 4,

I ,;the--1atter figuregiving a much better idea of the arrange'ment and maybe particularly re vferr ed to in readingthe following ,descrip tion. i v -The v'heat accumulating walls are preferably -made of some thin sheet material v such-gasggalvanized iron, and either bent into shape:orcut into sheetsof proper size and p 1 otherwise secured together. i i H 1 CI -he .ugsections are preferably made with 3 "extentand their contiguous edgeswelded or j-square corners.r The sections torming the V chambers gopening intojthe burner and heat t s s at s{assessm nts are e g t currents 'to'be deflected downward course and flow back toward the .bythe-numeral 7, and the adjacent chambers to indicate the directions of fiow of the ourrents set up in the heat-compartment, and

the apparatus.

The heating element as a'whole is composed of the walls 9 forming the chambers 7 7 and 8. All of the chambers 7 rarevclosedi top andbottom by walls 10 andll.

. A compartment 125is provided tov contain the burner; this compartment formmg a box 'closure'for the bottom of the heat compartment. 7 1 7 The top ofthe lieat'com'partment is closed 5 g by a continuation of the walls 10 connecting the opposite chamber sections. 1

This wall construction completely encloses 35 the heat compartment and-"prevents any vleakage of products of: combustion into the air heating and circulating compartments 8. V At -the rearoi the apparatus isa wall 13 covering all of the rear heat. compartment space except a small elongated opening 14 at the top,,through which the products of combustion pass into. a chamber 15,-having a partition 1'76 justibelow-the smokepipe 5.]

The operation of the apparatus is as #50151 lows:

T he heat from the burner rises to the t-op of the compartment and, comingmto con- ,tact with the walllOisspread and deflected, some passing laterally intothe chambers 7,9 9

The walls 9 being cool, quickly accumulate heat units, thus cooling-theheat currents and causing them to move downward in the chambers, as is indicated aruo vjsinl ig.

4. As the lieat currents move downward, 1 5] more heat units are given .up to the wallsil;

until by the time they reach the bottom of the chambers 7they arelquite cool com-pared to-the temperature they had when entering into thetops otthechambers 7.

This downward movement the heat compartment {acirculation'Of heat currents is maintained' in the manner described and becomes quite rapid sothatapartial vacuum 12 is created in the bottoms of the chambers 7 which also assists in creating-the circulation described. H

The air for ma nta ning. combustion enters the opening at in the front of the apparatus;- 112 located under-thefire door. p

Thexburner 18 is only shown in dotted outline jinithe figfures as it is no p'arto-f this invention it was not thought necessary lit) The air to be heated enters the apparatus through the air pipe 19 and spreads according to the speed of the circulation place in an ordinary heating apparatus, is

. very marked.

The walls separating the heat compartment from the air circulating compartment, being, very thin, accumulate and transmit heat units from the heat currents circulating through the pocketed chambers forming the two sides of the heat compartment, very rap-;

idly and the air currents circulating around the other sides of these thin walled chambers absorb theheat equally as rapidly andthus the heat currents are cooled in the heat compartment to an extent that causes a rapid drop in their temperature and a consequent rapid downward movement in the accumulating chambers that immediately sets up a circulation from'top to bottom of these chambers which moves the column of air in each chamber out into the vicinity of the burner where it combines with the incomiing air that supports combustion and thus aids very materially in keeping the burner elements cool so that they may function satisfactorily without unnecessary attention.

Furthermore, this forced circulationof the heat currents within the chambers 'forming a part of the heat compartment and causing them to absorb and deliver heat units ;to the accumulating walls" in such rapid sequence aids materially in reducing the quantity of fuel necessary to maintain the desired temperature of the circulating air outside'and around the heat compartment,

because, while the heat currents give up a large part of their heat units to the accumulating walls, they do not surrender all of the heat, and return to the burner vicinity at a' much higher temperature than the incoming air needed to support combustion, and since these heated currents are in a measure, used over and over, dueto their circulation less outside cool air-is needed to support combustion, with the result that less fuel is needed to keep the heat currents at the desired temperature to supply the demand. v I e Having thus described my invention, what I claim asv new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is r 1'. An apparatus for heating purposes comprising a suitable sourceof heat supply,

a heat compartment within the base of which said supply is located, said compartment being composed of'a series of heat accumulatinunits arranged in parallel relation and having openings communicating with the upper and lower areas of saidcompartment and through which heat currents rising insaid compartment may enter and circulate and return to said heat compartment" in the zone of said heat supply, an air compartment surrounding said heat compartment and through which air circulates and becomes heated from contact with the walls of said --heat' compartment.

2. An apparatus for heating purposes comprising a heat compartment, a source of heat supply located near the bottom of the heat compartment, said heat compartment having end, top and bottom closures, the

side walls of saidcompartment being formed 1 of a zigzag construction producting pocketed chambers lying in parallel relation and hav ing openings facing'said heat supply, said 7 openings extending for the full height of said heat compartment, the side walls of said pocketed chambers forming spaces though which air may circulate and become heated during its passage therethough, one

of said heat compartment walls being provided with an opening for admitting air to sustain combustion and another wallprovided with an opening for permittingthe.

outward passage of the products of combustion.

In testimony whereof I have signed my.

name to this specification. I

GEORGE -N. BLANCHARD. 

